Syntactic Doubling
In standard spoken Italian, many words cause the initial consonant sound of the following word to be doubled. This phenomenon is typical of Italian pronunciation and is called "syntactic doubling" (raddoppiamento sintattico) or phrasal doubling..
The following words cause a syntactic doubling : - all stressed (strong) monosyllables - many unstressed (weak) monosyllables - all polysyllables stressed on the final vowel (with a written accent mark) - some bisyllables
In Italian dictionaries (e.g., Zingarelli, published by Zanichelli), the phonetic transcription of such words is followed by an asterisk (*). For example, the phonetic transcription of the conjunction "a" is /a*/. This means that "a presto" ("see you soon") is pronounced exactly like "appresto" ("I prepare").
On the contrary, "re Carlo" ("King Charles") and "recarlo" ("to bring it") are pronounced in two different manners, because the word "re" (/re*/) causes the doubling of the following initial consonant sound. "Re Carlo" is pronounced /rek'karlo/.
Weak monosyllables (such as articles; unstressed personal pronouns; "ci", "ne" and other particles; etc.) do not cause the doubling.
Italian spelling does not indicate the doubling except when two words have combined to form a new one, as in E + COME = ECCOME, FRA + TANTO = FRATTANTO, CHI + SA = CHISSA'.
Syntactic doubling usually occurs in standard pronunciation of most speakers in Central and Southern Italy. In Northern Italy, where there is a tendency to ignore double consonants in general, it is less noticeable.
See the examples below. See also "Espressioni omofone scritte diversamente".
| Word causing syntactic doubling | Example | Word causing syntactic doubling | Example |
| A | a presto | FA | fa presto |
| FRA | fra noi | FU | fu felice |
| TRA | tra voi | E' | è tardi |
| SU | su Roma | PUO' | può fare |
| O | o lui | GIA' | già fatto |
| E | e lei | PIU' | più vicino |
| TU | tu sei | LA' | là sotto |
| SE | se vai | LI' | lì sopra |
| MA | ma no | SI' | sì signore |
| NO | no davvero | NE ' | né noi |
| TRE | tre mele | COSI' | così tardi |
| RE | re Carlo | PERCHE' | perché mai |
| HO | ho fame | MANGIO' | mangiò tutto |
| HA | ha freddo | ANDRA' | andrà via |
| SO | so tutto | FARO' | farò tardi |
| SA | sa l'ora | DIRO' | dirò tutto |
| DO | do sempre | SARA' | sarà troppo |
| STO | sto male | COME | come noi |
| STA | sta là | QUALCHE | qualche volta |
| VA | va via | MI (note) | mi minore |
| CHE | che fai? | QUI | qui sotto |
| CHI | chi sei? | QUA | qua sopra |